Editor’s note: This article was shared with the Vatican’s Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences (PASS) as a supplement to their Workshop on Assisting Victims of Human Trafficking that took place on November 4-6, 2017, in Vatican City. Ending human trafficking is often regarded as an...

Contemporary anti-money laundering and counter-terrorist financing (AML/CTF) practice has shifted toward evaluating the effectiveness of money laundering controls. In addition to the traditional output and activity measures of the Financial Action Task Force’s (FATF) 40 Recommendations,1 the current (fourth) round of evaluations also assesses...